Genesis 10-11
The sinful human race have already been judged by God in the flood (Genesis 6-8), and sadly after that they continue in their selfish disobedience, trying to build their own “tower” of religion to heaven (probably a ziggurat) and trying to populate one city, rather than “be dispersed over the face of the whole earth” (11:4),as God had commanded (9:1,7). So God restrained them at “Babel” by confusing their language and “dispersed them from there over the face of all the earth” (11:8-9). Genesis 10, known as the 'Table of Nations' outlines this dispersion of peoples in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean region, the world of the Bible.
That pretty much sums up godless, disobedient humanity and sets the scene for the story of how God built His own people of faith and salvation through Abram (whose name gets changed to Abraham). We are told that Abram's wife, Sarai (to called Sarah), was "barren" (11:30), hinting of how God would 'create' His people supernaturally.
The genealogy (a word that can mean 'story') of Shem (11:10-26) is moving the story from Noah to Abram, just as the genealogy of Adam in Genesis 5 moved the story to Noah. These three leaders, Adam, Noah and Abram sum up the story of the Bible up to this point (Genesis 1-11) and speak of creation, a new beginning and the story of God's own people of faith and salvation.
The NIV Study Bible provides a marvelous summary of the significance of the new development that began with Abram:
"With God’s calling of Abram out of the post-Babel peoples, the story of God’s ways with humankind shifts focus from universal history to the history of God’s relationship with a particular person and people. Here begins the history of his saving work, in which human sin is not only judged (the flood) or restrained (Babel) but forgiven (through atonement) and overcome (through the purifying of human hearts). Throughout the rest of Scripture the unfolding of this history remains the golden thread and central theme. Its final outcome is made sure through Jesus Christ, “the son of Abraham” .
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